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Leading projects at 18F

Each team has a project lead who coordinates and represents the project, both to the partner and within 18F.

Project leads play the role of conductor on 18F projects

  • Serve as primary contact for 18F and for partner stakeholders
  • Establish a healthy team with positive working relationships
  • Manage work so it’s equitably distributed
  • Ensure that project management tasks are handled
  • Ensure we are on track to meet the terms of the Statement of Work
  • Ensure the team delivers value to the partner
  • Ensure that team members understand the responsibilities of each member of the team
  • Ensure the team identifies metrics to understand project impact
  • Identify project adjustment needs (e.g. staffing or budget changes)
  • Identify ways we could potentially help the partner more, given more time, in future engagements

In all this, your closest collaborators are your account manager and the rest of your project team. Account managers play a critical role in ensuring the success of the project. It’s important for the Project Lead to collaborate with the Account Manager to ensure success.

What does this mean in practice?

When your partner, 18F leadership, or others want to know how the project is going, the project lead has that full picture. Project leads are adept at consulting, and are able to facilitate difficult conversations to work toward alignment.

18F takes a democratic approach to project leadership. Project leadership does not come with any supervisory authority or hard power. Project leads should not make decisions unilaterally.

See the Successful 18F project teams page for descriptions of what team accountability looks like. Below are descriptions of the responsibilities that differ for the project lead from the description for the full team.

Establish a healthy team with positive working relationships

Project leads need to be aware of how the project team is functioning, both amongst themselves and with partners. That includes being aware of our biases and privilege, sharing opportunities and administrative tasks, recognizing power distance, and being an active listener. That may look like facilitating sessions around project rituals and norms, consistently tracking project health, or serving as an escalation point for team members who are struggling.

Project leads should actively solicit opinions from the team on project decisions — and whenever possible, drive the team towards consensus. If consensus is not possible, the project lead is responsible for building alignment around a solution through a decision-making framework that is appropriate and equitable, such as a decision matrix or coin flip.

Missteps on projects will happen. Teams do not have a crystal ball into partner expectations or communication preferences. This is a good time to bring in a facilitator from outside the project to help the team reflect on what is and isn’t going well, and then help the team come up with alternative methods in the future. Try , external,TTS-only, #18f-help-wanted to ask for a facilitator.

Manage work so it is equitably distributed

Accountability here means being aware of how project work is split up among members — and if everyone has enough to do without being overwhelmed. That may look like holding weekly 1:1s with the account manager to discuss progress against burn rate, taking the lead on project management, or facilitating stand-ups and retros to make sure everyone has the right amount of work. Encourage team members to flag issues as early as possible, such as when they have too much work to complete, or will be taking time off.

If the team identifies that new or different skills are needed on the project team, the project lead will discuss this with the Account Manager and Portfolio lead, if applicable, who will bring this to the attention of the staffing leads.

Ensure that project management tasks are handled

Project leads are not expected to do all of the project management tasks themselves, but they are responsible to make sure tasks are addressed and equitably distributed. Teams are more resilient and equitable when administrative tasks like scheduling meetings or taking notes are shared. It can help to proactively set up systems to rotate this work (for example: a schedule for who will send weekly ship emails each week).

Project coordination checklist

For most 18F projects, these tasks, when completed, help ensure successful projects and healthy teams. Typically, the team will share the load on doing this work — it’s the role of the project lead to ensure these things are happening.

Beginning of Project

  • Facilitate creation of a , external,TTS-only, team charter, including how decisions will be made and how the team will navigate disagreement. (Non-18F folks may be interested in our charter template).
  • Identify stakeholder accessibility needs for project work (in collaboration tools and deliverables)
    • If artifacts (e.g. RFQs, final reports, decks) should be durable over time, consider budgeting time to make them accessible (talk to your account manager or use , external,TTS-only, #18f-help-wanted if the team doesn't have this ability)
  • Ensure sprint planning, review, and other recurring meetings are scheduled
  • Facilitate identification of project management tracking tools
  • Facilitate identification of how administrative tasks will be rotated
  • Create and maintain a , external,TTS-only, Project Readme in the project’s Drive folder (Account Manager will establish project folder). (Non-18F folks may be interested in our README template).

Ongoing

  • Foster a safe and inclusive environment (entire team’s responsibility)
  • Identify the team’s approach to stakeholder management (who on the team is the primary contact, cadence, tools, ceremonies for communicating with stakeholders)
  • Prioritize potential deliverables based on value and feasibility, and regularly reassess priority
  • Facilitate scheduling of the work the team decides needs to be done
  • Assess progress against plan
  • Identify the level of fidelity/polish stakeholders need in deliverables (Who does partner share these with? What’s the intended shelf-life?)
  • Build team alignment
  • Create space for experimentation so team members can propose bold ideas and test them
  • Ensure that , external,TTS-only, project impact metrics are gathered throughout the project
  • Weekly:
  • Every two weeks: Conduct an internal team retrospective
  • Ensure midpoint and other higher-profile presentations are rehearsed or otherwise well prepared
  • Work with account manager and staffing team when project team identifies a need for a shift in staffing
  • Onboard new team members to the project, as needed, including revisiting , external,TTS-only, team charter with full team
  • Periodically: Check in on equitable distribution of administrative tasks among team members: re-balance as necessary
  • Add to and organize the project’s Drive folder
  • Get support in cases where team has trouble resolving disagreement or with other project issues
  • Participate in the Project Leadership Collective! Read the , external,PLC wiki and , external,TTS-only, join the PLC conversation — #c-18f-project-leadership

Ending a project

Tailor your approach based on the project and partner’s needs. Historically, the most common types of 18F project endings are some combination of the following:

  • Package up
    • Develop a roadmap that documents specific actionable steps for the partner
    • Recommendations should stand alone and not be dependent on continued 18F involvement
    • Capture top risks, assumptions, and learning goals for the future
    • Tidy up and index research documents and artifacts
  • Hand off to a vendor, new partner hires, or other TTS groups
    • For vendor handoff, 18F can support shaping an acquisition or doing initial market research (if the SOW and timeline allows)
    • If the partner needs to hire in-house support, 18F can help write role descriptions and set up interview guides
    • Make connections to other TTS entities (PIF, CoE, Solutions) to support projects
    • If the team who will own the work going forward is around during the project, do as much overlapping, pairing, and handoff work during the project as possible – don’t wait until the last week
  • Get more 18F
    • Scope a full-time project extension, adding weeks to the original scope
    • Shape a slower off-ramp (also called “slow burn” or “phone a friend”), where 18F support fades away (may not be possible in the weekly billing model implemented as of 2021)
  • Make connections/ensure long term support
  • Document and share learnings

Why you might want to lead a project

Being a project lead is an opportunity for career growth and visibility. It is an opportunity to foster people and to be responsible for a team’s success. You can practice leadership and facilitation skills and get insight into how we manage project budgets.

Interested but unsure?

If you’re interested but are unsure about what’s involved or whether you could lead successfully:

  • Talk with your supervisor and your staffing representative so they can keep an eye out for opportunities for you to grow these skills
  • Participate in the Project Leadership Collective (PLC) — you’ll hear about common project leadership challenges and how people are handling them
  • Ask a PLC co-lead to find you a project lead buddy, i.e. someone you might be able to shadow for a few hours on another project, or who could give you a tour of their project and how they approach the role

What skills are needed to lead projects?

Project leadership requires strong consulting skills:

  • Active listening
  • Clear communication
  • Group facilitation
  • Collaboration
  • Ability to recognize power dynamics and facilitate alignment despite power distance
  • Problem solving
  • Systems thinking
  • Change strategy

How do we decide who leads each project?

Project leads are identified as part of the staffing process. The staffing team, in collaboration with the account manager and supervisors, identify potential leads on the team. In addition to the skills listed above, the account manager, supervisors, and project team members collaboratively consider the following:

  • Does the project have disproportionate needs in one of our disciplines? (e.g. If it’s a content strategy-focused project with only one content strategist, that person probably should not also be the project lead)
  • Does the project’s context require the project lead to manage political complexities and/or require direct communication with high-level executives or political appointees? Project context should be shared with the team, and potential leads can identify experience and comfort level with potentially high-pressure, high-visibility contexts.
  • Are there people on the team who haven’t had many opportunities to lead? Is it a project that has particular likelihood for career growth (e.g. will result in public-facing opportunities)? Project lead roles are highly visible and provide leadership development opportunities. As such, they should be equitably offered to our staff.

The selection process

  1. Chapter staffing representatives ask potential team members if they’re interested in leading the project. (If they’re interested but there’s concern from chapter or portfolio leadership or the staffing team that they don’t have the skills listed above, the staffing representative should advise the team member and their supervisor about the perceived areas for growth so they can work on those skills or demonstrate capability to their chapter/portfolio leadership.)
  2. The Account Manager (AM) finds out from chapter staffing representatives which potential team members are interested in leading
  • If anyone is interested, the AM checks in with each team member privately to learn about their past experiences with the potential lead(s), if applicable.
  • If multiple people are interested, the AM leads a conversation with the interested team members and their staffing representatives about project leadership expectations and options. The final decision is made by the staffing team.
  1. If no one is interested or able to fill the role, the staffing team works to restaff the project to make sure we have at least one willing-and-able project lead on the team.

How do project leads and team members get support?

Fear not! We don’t expect you to do this alone. We have a lot of documentation and structures set up to provide patterns, templates, and support. In fact, we don’t want you to do it alone; communicating and collaborating about what you’re doing will make your work better and help the rest of 18F learn from it.

Your first lines of support are the folks you have 1:1s with weekly: the project’s account manager and your lead or supervisor. They can help you navigate resources (including guides, guilds, Slack channels, and miscellaneous people who might be able to help), as well as coaching you on hard conversations, client management skills, and strategic direction.

Some resources:

Escalation paths for issues that may arise

Issue type: First point of contact: You may also want to inform: Next step if needed:
Pre-flight issues, agreements, timelines, scope AM (working with agreements team) Director of Account Management Chief of Delivery
Team dynamics/team performance Account Manager, Project Lead (working with the team to solve internally as an ideal first step) Supervisor Chapter Director, Director of Account Management, Chief of Delivery
Changes to project timeline (including stopping the project early) Account Manager, Project Lead (working with the team to solve internally as an ideal first step) Director of Account Management & Staffing Leads Supervisor, Chapter Director, Chief of Delivery
Partner dissatisfaction Account Manager, Project Lead (working with the team to solve internally as an ideal first step) Supervisor, Director of Account Management Chapter Director, Chief of Delivery, 18F Director if needed, TTS Director if needed
Staffing misalignment Account Manager, Project Lead (working with the team to solve internally as an ideal first step) Chapter Director, Supervisor, Staffing Leads Chief of Delivery
Team is being mistreated (disrespected, or any other inappropriate behaviors or attitudes) by partner or vendor Team can try to resolve themselves, but can escalate immediately if they’d like Project Lead, Account Manager, Chapter Director, Supervisor Chief of Delivery, 18F Director if needed

What if a project lead is struggling to fulfill the role?

First, we try to support them better. This may include giving them feedback about what is and isn’t working, shifting other staff on the team, taking other things off their plate, or coaching. (Also, all of those things might happen when a project lead is doing great — those are all healthy ways to grow, and okay things to ask for!)

If the project’s success — or partner relationship — are at stake because of the lead’s behavior, experience level, or ability, and the project lead is unwilling to or incapable of changing the situation, we will look at how to restaff the project so that it can be successful.

Who can raise concerns about project leadership?

Everyone who works on a project, or who sees their work, should feel empowered to help the team improve their work. The people who are most likely to identify concerns about the project lead, specifically, are other team members and the account manager.

Here’s what you should do if you are worried that a project lead is not set up for success, or is not steering a project appropriately, use your best judgement on the following options:

  • Talk to the project lead directly about what gaps you’re seeing and how to address them
  • Raise it with the account manager
  • Talk with your staffing representative
  • Talk with the project lead’s supervisor

If you aren’t sure how to approach those conversations, work with your lead or supervisor to strategize about how to address it. Remember, no one is punished for “raising a flag,” even if it proves to be unnecessary. They can also help you decide whether to pull in the project lead’s supervisor. In most cases, the next steps will still be to talk to the project lead directly and raise it with the account manager, but your lead or supervisor can help you prepare for those conversations.

If the above channels aren’t an option, set up time to speak with one of the following folks, each of whom can help you strategize about how to improve the situation:

  • Your Chapter director
  • Chief of Staff
  • Director of Account Management chapter
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